Therefore, the objective of this review was to summarize the overview of lettuce, including nutritional compounds, especially bioactive compounds, and potential health benefits, which are essential for consumers to achieve a better daily diet and acquire a better knowledge of the potential health benefits. Although, many kinds of research focusing on lettuce, reviews on nutritional highlights, and consolidation of research findings are limited. Natural antioxidant compounds extracted and identified from plant sources such as lettuce have become a popular trend because of the general awareness of the importance of a healthy diet and limitations on the use of hazardous synthetic antioxidants. Furthermore, several researchers found that hydroponic Lactuca sativa can heal diseases such as oxidative damage, cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, and diabetes. Additionally, the findings demonstrated that the consumption of lettuce preserved in modified-atmosphere packaging did not alter the plasma redox state of healthy participants. These molecules, which include glycosylated flavonoids, phenolic acids, carotenoids, vitamin B groups, ascorbic acid, tocopherols, and sesquiterpene lactones, are vital bioactive nutritional components. Lettuce is an important natural source of phytochemicals. Some epidemiological studies have reported that vegetable consumption is associated with a lower risk of chronic diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. Ĭonsuming lettuce is beneficial for human health-related to the bioactive compounds in vegetables. It was found that lettuce contains a high amount of Vitamin C. Thus, red lettuce is a good source of antioxidants in the daily diet. Compared with green lettuce and red lettuce, some studies have reported that red lettuce has comparatively higher phenolic levels than green. Additionally, phytochemical compositions and contents are different in various types. It is also an excellent source of vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, carotenoids, and chlorophyll with related health benefits.

Lettuce is rich in water with 94–95% content and low in calories. The colors, shapes, and nutrients are important factors to affect consumer purchase choice. The whole heads of lettuce and the fresh-cut form are the common products in the market. Cutting), Stalk (or Asparagus), Crisphead (a.k.a. Formally, there are seven different types in the lettuce group, including Cos (a.k.a. The Asteraceae can be considered the family of plants with a large number of species, around 23,000 to 30,000. The first cultivated lettuce appears in several primitive writings in early 2680 BCE as a medicinal herb. It is a successful and diverse plant distributed worldwide. Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) belongs to the Asteraceae family and originates in the Mediterranean. The common utilization pattern of lettuce extracted nutrients will also be summarized for further direction. Due to their bioaccessibility and bioavailability, the consumer will be able to comprehensively understand choosing a healthier lettuce diet. Therefore, this review aims to demonstrate the nutritional value of lettuce and its pharmacological properties. Extraction of bioactive compounds is one of the new trends observed in lettuce and is necessarily used for several application fields. Indeed, the bioaccessibility of lettuce is measuring the quantity of these compounds released from the food matrix during digestion, which is important for health-promoting features.

Some components can be released from the food matrix and altered in the digestive system. The health benefits rely on their biochemical effect when reaching the bloodstream. The benefit of lettuce consumption depends on its composition, particularly antioxidants, which can function as nutrients. At the same time, nutrient composition and antioxidant compounds are different between lettuce varieties, especially for green and red lettuce types. Additionally, lettuce is an excellent source of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, carotenoids, and chlorophyll with related health benefits. There are different types in the lettuce group for consumers to choose from. Lettuce is one of the most famous leafy vegetables worldwide with lots of applications from food to other specific uses.

Romaine vs romaine hearts